Three of the four EFTA countries included in Table 1 – Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Norway – each reported higher levels of healthcare expenditure per inhabitant than in any of the Member States. Note that, as non-residents, the expenditure on their healthcare is not included in Luxembourg's health accounts while their economic activity does contribute to Luxembourg's GDP. A significant proportion of workers in Luxembourg are cross-border workers and live outside the country. It is interesting to note that Luxembourg had the highest ratio per inhabitant despite having the lowest ratio of healthcare expenditure to GDP, reflecting the high level of GDP in Luxembourg. Relative to population size and in euro terms, current healthcare expenditure in 2020 was highest among the EU Member States in Luxembourg (€5 875 per inhabitant) and Denmark (€5 642 per inhabitant). Table 1: Current healthcare expenditure, 2020 By contrast, current healthcare expenditure accounted for less than 7.5 % of GDP in six Member States, with Luxembourg recording the lowest ratio (5.8 %). Note that current healthcare expenditure in Switzerland was equivalent to 11.8 % of GDP and that Norway also had a double-digit ratio (2019 data). Spain, Portugal and Denmark were the only other EU Member States to record double-digit ratios. France recorded the second highest level of current healthcare expenditure (€281 billion), followed by Italy (€160 billion) and Spain (€120 billion).Ĭurrent healthcare expenditure in Germany and France was equivalent to 12.8 % and 12.2 %, respectively, of gross domestic product (GDP), more than in any other EU Member State – see Table 1. Germany had the highest level of current healthcare expenditure among the EU Member States, valued at €432 billion in 2020. Germany and France had the highest current healthcare expenditure relative to GDP in 2020 Note that the latest data for Malta and Norway are for 2019. For this reason, particular attention should be paid when comparing the 2020 data with data from earlier years. ![]() ![]() It should be noted that data are presented in this article for 2020: for the first time therefore, this article includes data that show an impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions. This article forms part of an online publication on Health in the European Union. Statistics on healthcare expenditure and financing may be used to evaluate how a healthcare system responds to the challenge of universal access to quality healthcare, through measuring financial resources within the healthcare sector and the allocation of these resources between healthcare activities (for example, preventive and curative care) or groups of healthcare providers (for example, hospitals and ambulatory centres). ![]() Moreover, this is one of the common values and principles of EU health systems. Healthcare systems are organised and financed in different ways across the EU Member States, but universal access to quality healthcare, at an affordable cost to both individuals and society at large, is widely regarded as a basic need. This article presents key statistics on expenditure and financing aspects of healthcare in the European Union (EU).
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